Introduction
India occupy a total of of around 32,87,263 sq.km. of area. India is comprised of 29 States and 7 Union Territories which is home to around 631 Districts, more than 350 Cities and close to 6.5 lacs Villages.
First attempt at classification of cities
Prior to 2004 GOI had attempted to classify the cities in India based on lifestyle of the city.
For this purpose the cities were classified based on the two parameters earlier..
1) City Compensatory Allowance(CCA)
2) House Rent Allowance(HRA)
This was done keeping in mind the lifestyle in the city and expenses that the govt. employee might be incurring. So a comparison between the cities was done and GOI came up with classification as A1, A, B1, B2 & C. Here the metro cities were classified as A1. Other important cities were classsified A. Most of the mid range cities were accomodated in B1 & B2 and the rest of the towns were put under C. After 2004 they changed the nomenclature for classification and made it as X, Y, Z wherein X= A1, Y= A, B1, B2 and Z= C and other unclassified cities & towns.
Classification based on Connectivity and Transport Infrastructure
This classification is based on basically two types of network i.e. Intra city connectivity and Outward connectivity. This classification comes handy while taking decisions regarding Supply Chain Management and hence its inclusion.
1. Intra City connectivity
It can be broadly classified into 3 main subclasses i.e.
a. STAR - It is an arrangement of network of roads where there is no specific planning done as far as connectivity is concerned. It is more a product of unplanned expansion of city an hence the infrastructure being erected haphazardly.
b. Concentric/Radial - It is an arrangement wherein there is a sort of central 'Square' in the city and all the connecting roads go in outwardly fashion from there (hence the word radial). Also these roads are interconnected in concentric fashion (hence the word concentric).
c. Sector - Such an arrangement is an indication of proper planning of the area. The aerial view will show such arrangement as blocks or polygonal shapes being placed perfectly as roads are built accordingly.
2.Outward connectivity
a. Linear - A linear outward connectivity essentially means the city has a single major highway passing through it and that mode is the only means of connectivity with outer regions (cities).
b. Square - It is a vaguely used term to describe an arrangement wherein a minor highway or another main road helps the people in a city to have connectivity with out-of-city regions. Such an options relieves the major highway of some pressure.
c. Hub and Spoke - This arrangement comprises of a central city surrounded by many satellite villages and small towns. People from these villages often travel to the city in search of jobs etc. The city also is the means for any business procurement for villagers.
Tiers
Taking forward the 'X', 'Y', 'Z' classification, the current nomenclature is 'Tier'. So the X classified cities now are 'Tier I' cities and similarly Y is 'Tier II' and Z is 'Tier III'. But the actual basis for this classification is the variable of 'Population'. The cities are now classified based on the population of that city. So for a region to be classified as city, it has to have a minimum population of 1,00,000.
Thus, according to given guidelines, a Tier III city will have a population of upto 10 lakhs.A Tier II city may have a population ranging between 10 lakhs to 50 lakhs and a Tier I city will have population exceeding 50 lakhs mark.
Some examples that can be given are :-
Tier I Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, New Delhi
Tier II Nagpur, Surat, Calicut
Tier III Amravati, Madurai, Solapur
Urban Agglomerate
An Urban Agglomerate is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place. Urban agglomeration is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs), or two or more physical contiguous towns together and any adjoining urban outgrowths of such towns. These are super-cities which have expanded enough to consume other neighborhoods. Although administration may be separate for outlying districts, the population might say they are from the central city.
The population of a place determines whether it constitutes a city, town or village. Here are the population specifics of the same
Megacity 50,00,000 - above
Metropolis 10,000,00 - 4999999
Sub Metropolis 500,000 - 999999
Big Town 100,000 - 499999
Small Town 40,000 - 999999
Big Village 10,000 - 39999
Small Village 5000 - 9999
Hamlet 4999- Below
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India occupy a total of of around 32,87,263 sq.km. of area. India is comprised of 29 States and 7 Union Territories which is home to around 631 Districts, more than 350 Cities and close to 6.5 lacs Villages.
First attempt at classification of cities
Prior to 2004 GOI had attempted to classify the cities in India based on lifestyle of the city.
For this purpose the cities were classified based on the two parameters earlier..
1) City Compensatory Allowance(CCA)
2) House Rent Allowance(HRA)
This was done keeping in mind the lifestyle in the city and expenses that the govt. employee might be incurring. So a comparison between the cities was done and GOI came up with classification as A1, A, B1, B2 & C. Here the metro cities were classified as A1. Other important cities were classsified A. Most of the mid range cities were accomodated in B1 & B2 and the rest of the towns were put under C. After 2004 they changed the nomenclature for classification and made it as X, Y, Z wherein X= A1, Y= A, B1, B2 and Z= C and other unclassified cities & towns.
Classification based on Connectivity and Transport Infrastructure
This classification is based on basically two types of network i.e. Intra city connectivity and Outward connectivity. This classification comes handy while taking decisions regarding Supply Chain Management and hence its inclusion.
1. Intra City connectivity
It can be broadly classified into 3 main subclasses i.e.
a. STAR - It is an arrangement of network of roads where there is no specific planning done as far as connectivity is concerned. It is more a product of unplanned expansion of city an hence the infrastructure being erected haphazardly.
b. Concentric/Radial - It is an arrangement wherein there is a sort of central 'Square' in the city and all the connecting roads go in outwardly fashion from there (hence the word radial). Also these roads are interconnected in concentric fashion (hence the word concentric).
c. Sector - Such an arrangement is an indication of proper planning of the area. The aerial view will show such arrangement as blocks or polygonal shapes being placed perfectly as roads are built accordingly.
2.Outward connectivity
a. Linear - A linear outward connectivity essentially means the city has a single major highway passing through it and that mode is the only means of connectivity with outer regions (cities).
b. Square - It is a vaguely used term to describe an arrangement wherein a minor highway or another main road helps the people in a city to have connectivity with out-of-city regions. Such an options relieves the major highway of some pressure.
c. Hub and Spoke - This arrangement comprises of a central city surrounded by many satellite villages and small towns. People from these villages often travel to the city in search of jobs etc. The city also is the means for any business procurement for villagers.
Tiers
Taking forward the 'X', 'Y', 'Z' classification, the current nomenclature is 'Tier'. So the X classified cities now are 'Tier I' cities and similarly Y is 'Tier II' and Z is 'Tier III'. But the actual basis for this classification is the variable of 'Population'. The cities are now classified based on the population of that city. So for a region to be classified as city, it has to have a minimum population of 1,00,000.
Thus, according to given guidelines, a Tier III city will have a population of upto 10 lakhs.A Tier II city may have a population ranging between 10 lakhs to 50 lakhs and a Tier I city will have population exceeding 50 lakhs mark.
Some examples that can be given are :-
Tier I Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, New Delhi
Tier II Nagpur, Surat, Calicut
Tier III Amravati, Madurai, Solapur
Urban Agglomerate
An Urban Agglomerate is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place. Urban agglomeration is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs), or two or more physical contiguous towns together and any adjoining urban outgrowths of such towns. These are super-cities which have expanded enough to consume other neighborhoods. Although administration may be separate for outlying districts, the population might say they are from the central city.
The population of a place determines whether it constitutes a city, town or village. Here are the population specifics of the same
Megacity 50,00,000 - above
Metropolis 10,000,00 - 4999999
Sub Metropolis 500,000 - 999999
Big Town 100,000 - 499999
Small Town 40,000 - 999999
Big Village 10,000 - 39999
Small Village 5000 - 9999
Hamlet 4999- Below
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This Classification plays pivotal role for any management student.
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